Through social practice for many years, he had a deep understanding on the abuse of the absolute monarchy and the roots of china s poverty and backward condition Also through the study of western political system and legal culture, he put forward a series of political reform idea, such as setting up congress and carrying out reformative idea of constitutional monarchy.
他通过多年的社会实践对中国贫穷、落后的根源和对君主专制的弊端有着比较清楚的认识,又通过对西方政治制度和法律文化的学习,提出了一系列富强救国的诸如设立议院、实行君主立宪的政治改良思想。
"The guiding principles for monarch and subject"(君臣之纲),"civil right" and "parliament" are three core concepts of Zhang Zhidong s political thought embodying in the book " Quan Xue Pian "(劝学篇).
"君臣之纲"、"民权"、"议院"是《劝学篇》中体现张之洞政治思想的三大核心概念,张之洞以"故知君臣之纲,则民权之说不可行也"、"何必袭议院之名哉"阐明了他的政治立场,然而也给学界留下了解读的难题,多年来聚讼纷纭。
He not only appeal to government to rectify utterly decadent administration of local officials but also wish for draw parliament into china in order to reform an enclosed autocrati.
政治如何改革 ,是郑观应苦心孤诣探索的一个极为重要的方面 ,他吁请政府对腐朽不堪的吏治大加整顿 ,同时希冀移植西方的议院制度入中国 ,旨在把一个封闭的专制的传统社会改造成为开放的民主的近代社会 ,在探索救国的道路上迈出了可喜的一步 ,对当时的中国思想界具有开路导航之功效。
the Lords and the Commons
上议院和下议院的议员.
In Britain the upper chamber is the House of Lords, the lower the House of Commons.
英国上议院叫长老院，下议院叫众议院。
Enter the House, ie become an MP
进入议院（当议员）
The senate resolved that...
参议院决议如下...
The House of Representatives is larger than the Senate.
众议院比参议院大些。
The Senate is the upper chamber of Congress.
参议院是议会的上院。
It has two Houses --the House of Lords and the House of Commons;
在议会里有两院，即上议院和下议院。
Parliament has two parts: the House of Commons and the House of Lords. Members of the House of Commons are n known as MPs.
议会由两部分组成：下议院和上议院。下议院的成员被称为下院议员。
Bill will be sent from the House of Commons to the House of Lords.
议案将由下议院送到上议院。
The bill has been laid before the House of Commons.
此议案已提交下议院。
Sessional papers
英国下议院会议记录
the upper house of the US Congress.
美国议会的上层议院。
He is speaker of the House of Representatives.
他是众议院的议长。
the spiritual peers=the lords spiritual
有圣职的上议院议员
He was nominated to the Upper House.
他被任命为上议院议员。
the Lord Chancellor,ie the highest judge(and chairman of the House of Lords)
大法官（及上议院议长）.
an influential Congressman
有权势的众议院议员
a Senate committee, decision
参议院委员会、 决议.
