marine是什么意思

英文词源

marine

marine: [15] The Latin word for ‘sea’ was mare (borrowed into English in the 19th century as a term for any of the sea-like dark areas on the moon). It goes back to Indo-European *mori-, *mari-, which also produced Russian more ‘sea’, Welsh mor ‘sea’, and English mere ‘lake’ (the mer- of mermaid). The Romance-language terms for ‘sea’ (French mer, Italian and Romanian mare, and Spanish mar) are descended from it. And its derived adjective, marīnus, has given English marine (and mariner [13]). Maritime [16] is another derivative. Marina [19] was borrowed from Italian.
=> marinade, maritime, mere

marine (adj.)

early 15c., "pertaining to the sea," from Middle French marin, from Old French marin "of the sea, maritime," from Latin marinus "of the sea," from mare "sea, the sea, seawater," from PIE *mori- "body of water, lake" (see mere (n.)). The Old English word was sælic.

marine (n.)

14c., "seacoast;" see marine (adj.). Meaning "collective shipping of a country" is from 1660s. Meaning "soldier who serves on a ship" is from 1670s, a separate borrowing from French marine, from the French adjective. Phrase tell that to the marines (1806) originally was the first half of a retort expressing skepticism:

"Upon my soul, sir," answered the lieutenant, "when I thought she scorned my passion, I wept like a child."

"Belay there!" cried the captain; "you may tell that to the marines, but I'll be d----d if the sailors will believe it." ["John Moore," "The Post-Captain; or, the Wooden Walls Well Manned," 1805]

The book, a rollicking sea romance/adventure novel, was popular in its day and the remark is a recurring punch line in it (repeated at least four times). It was written by naval veteran John Davis (1774-1854) but published under the name John Moore. Walsh records that, "The marines are among the 'jolly' jack-tars a proverbially gullible lot, capable of swallowing any yarn, in size varying from a yawl-boat to a full-rigged frigate."